flowering in rice

Science 318:261–265, Sharrock RA, Clack T (2004) Heterodimerization of type II phytochromes in Arabidopsis. In rice, flowering time (or heading date) is critical for the adaptation to different cultivation areas and cropping seasons and may be affected by environmental conditions such us photoperiod, temperature, and light intensity. Plant J 22:391–399, Izawa T, Oikawa T, Sugiyama N, Tanisaka T, Yano M, Shimamoto K (2002) Phytochrome mediates the external light signal to repress FT orthologs in photoperiodic flowering of rice. 3A) are closely associated with high latitudes, whereas the cultivars carrying functional EL1/Hd16 variants are randomly distributed independently of latitude (Kwon et al., 2014). Three PRC2‐like complexes have been identified in Arabidopsis. 3A) were found in early flowering rice varieties grown in central and southern China and in varieties from the Heilongjiang Province of North-eastern China, the latter being characterized by cool summers and a short growing season (Xue et al., 2008). Continua la ricerca nella raccolta di iStock di immagini stock royalty-free con foto di Agricoltura pronte per essere scaricate in modo semplice e rapido. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, An S, Park S, Jeong DH, Lee DY, Kang HG, Yu JH, Hur J, Kim SR, Kim YH, Lee M, Han S, Kim SJ, Yang J, Kim E, Wi SJ, Chung HS, Hong JP, Choe V, Lee HK, Choi JH, Nam J, Kim SR, Park PB, Park KY, Kim WT, Choe S, Lee CB, An G (2003) Generation and analysis of end sequence database for T-DNA tagging lines in rice. To further our study of RFT1, we overexpressed the gene and examined the expression patterns of major regulatory genes during floral transition and inflorescence development. (2013). In plants, flowering time is elaborately controlled by various environment factors. This phenomenon is mediated by several independent pathways. Correspondence to - 209.59.138.227. Although PRR5 promotes flowering in Arabidopsis, transgenic rice overexpressing Arabidopsis PRR5 caused late flowering. Another mechanism for rice heat tolerance is early-morning flowering, which escapes the high temperature at midday. Plant Cell Physiol 43:1096–1105, Komiya R, Ikegami A, Tamaki S, Yokoi S, Shimamoto K (2008) Hd3a and RFT1 are essential for flowering in rice. Flowering time is a key trait for geographical and seasonal adaptation of plants and is an important consideration for rice breeders. During the vegetative growth period flowering is inhibited by several independent pathways. Active flowering generally lasts for 1–2.5 h daily during the reproductive phase, and it is very sensitive to external environmental factors such as temperature, solar radiation, etc. This might indicate that pyramiding of non-functional alleles in cultivated varieties has probably allowed further expansion of the cultivation area, and artificial construction of early flowering genotypes has been particularly successful when independent repressor pathways were targeted (Ebana et al., 2011). Thus, rice flowering occurs during summer days, which are warm but long, and varieties adapted to temperate climates show reduced sensitivity to changes in daylength, flowering under conditions normally non-inductive. This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. Article  The first sign that the rice plant is getting ready to enter its reproductive phase is a bulging of the leaf stem that conceals the developing panicle, called the ‘booting’ stage. Arabidopsis PSEUDORESPONSE REGULATOR7 is a signaling intermediate in phytochrome-regulated seedling deetiolation and phasing of the circadian clock. Journal of Plant Biology A Commentary on: ‘Inter- and intraspecific variation in grass phytolith shape and size: a geometric morphometrics perspective’, Gondwanan or global? There are several major genes affecting heading date that relate to vegetative growth or photoperiod sensitivity. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12374-015-0425-x. Florigen is produced in the leaves, and acts in the shoot apical meristem of buds and growing tips. Most of the upstream signals are transferred to Early heading date 1 (Ehd1) that is a positive regulator of Heading data 3a (Hd3a) and Rice FT 1 (RFT1), which are transferred to the shoot apical meristem to induce the reproductive transition. Rice ( Oryza sativa ) is a facultative short-day plant that flowers very late when grown in non-inductive long day conditions. Flowering time is a key trait for geographical and seasonal adaptation of plants and is an important consideration for rice breeders. Although several inhibitors that delay flowering have been identified, the process by which rice eventually flowers under non-permissive LD conditions is not well understood. Plant Physiol 151:681–690, PubMed Central  Mol Plant 6:202–215, Yano M, Sasaki T (1997) Genetic and molecular dissection of quantitative traits in rice. Genes Dev 18:926–936, Farre EM, Kay SA (2007) PRR7 protein levels are regulated by light and the circadian clock in Arabidopsis. Development 135:767–774, Komiya R, Yokoi S, Shimamoto K (2009) A gene network for longday flowering activates RFT1 encoding a mobile flowering signal in rice. Grey arrows (represented only in A) indicate the requirement for Hd3a expression at southern latitudes and for Hd3a and RFT1 expression at higher latitudes. Repressors (or suppressors) of flowering play a crucial role in reducing florigen gene expression under LD conditions, leading to a strong delay in heading date. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. During the vegetative growth period flowering is inhibited by several independent pathways. Rice flowers after a lengthy vegetative growth. The methylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) plays critical roles in brassinosteroid ()-related processes and is involved in controlling flowering time in rice (Oryza sativa).Although enzymes that catalyze this methylation reaction have been described, little is known about the recognition mechanisms to decipher H3K36 methylation information in rice. Plant Physiol 153:1747–1758, Wu CY, You CJ, Li CS, Long T, Chen GX, Byrne ME, Zhang QF (2008) RID1, encoding a Cys2/His2-type zinc finger transcription factor, acts as a master switch from vegetative to floral development in rice. Nat Genet 40:761–767, Yamamoto Y, Sato E, Shimizu T, Nakamich N, Sato S, Kato T, Tabata S, Nagatani A, Yamashino T, Mizuno T (2003). plant flowering and LD (long-day) promotes flowering of Arabidopsis and most rice cultivars recognize 13.5-h light/10.5-h dark as a critical photoperiod to separate long-days from short-days. Plant Mol Biol 54:325–334, Hirose F, Shinomura T, Tanabata T, Shimada H, Takano M (2006) Involvement of rice cryptochromes in de-etiolation responses and flowering. Breed Sci 53:51–59, Liu X, Zhou C, Zhao Y, Zhou S, Wang W, Zhou DX (2014) The rice enhancer of zeste [E(z)] genes SDG711 and SDG718 are respectively involved in long day and short day signaling to mediate the accurate photoperiod control of flowering time. Polymorphisms in the DTH8/Ghd8 sequence that create non-functional alleles have been related to loss of photoperiod sensitivity. Flowering time (heading date) in rice (Oryza sativa) is an important agronomic trait that determines yield. Distribution of alleles influencing heading date in rice. Theor Appl Genet 104:772–778, Murakami M, Matsushiak A, Ashikari M, Yamashino T, Mizuno T (2005) Circadian-associated rice pseudo response regulators (OsPRRs): Insight into the control of flowering time. However, arabidopsis is not representative of all plant species, and several examples discussed in this review indicate that several monocot-specific (or even Oryza-specific) genes do not have functional equivalents in dicots (Doi et al., 2004; Yan et al., 2004; Xue et al., 2008; Matsubara et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2013; Wu et al., 2013). Plant J 63:18–30, CAS  These alleles have been useful tools to introduce tropical varieties into temperate areas and to increase the northern limit of rice cultivation. Nat Biotechnol 28:788–797, CAS  After sufficient vegetative growth, flowering signals are produced in the leaves due to reduced expression of the inhibitors. This breaks the dormancy stage of the seed. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. (2012), Gao et al. Recently it was found that RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T 1 (RFT1), the closest paralog of Hd3a, also functions as a mobile flowering signal that works mainly under long day conditions (LDs) (11, 12). 3A) were detected in a wide range of latitudes, including the northern limit of rice cultivation (Koo et al., 2013). RFT1 is located only 11.5 kb from Hd3a on chromosome 6. Both of the “florigen” genes are regulated by Hd1, Early heading date 1 (Ehd1), and Days to heading 2 (DTH2) (4, 7, 13). Photo about Period of flowering panicle rice. Flowering time (heading date) in rice (Oryza sativa) is an important agronomic trait that determines yield. Google Scholar, Lee YS, Lee DY, Cho LH, An G (2014) Rice miR172 induces flowering by suppressing OsIDS1 and SNB, two AP2 genes that negatively regulate expression of Ehd1 and florigens. In rice (Oryza sativa L.), there is a diversity in flowering time that is strictly genetically regulated. Day length shorter than 13.5 h will greatly induce the flowering of rice (Itoh et al., 2010). However, since florigens are highly conserved across rice varieties and species, flowering diversification has mainly resulted from the regulation of florigen expression levels that are highly correlated with flowering time. Gynheung An. From additional QTL analyses, Hd6, a minor heading date allele, was detected (Yamamoto et al., 2000). Plant Cell 24:3235–3247, Takahashi Y, Shomura A, Sasaki T, Yano M (2001) Hd6, a rice quantitative trait locus involved in photoperiod sensitivity, encodes the alpha subunit of protein kinase CK2. Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Flowering time (heading date) in rice (Oryza sativa) is an important agronomic trait that determines yield. Plant Physiol 152:808–820, Ogiso-Tanaka E, Matsubara K, Yamamoto S-i, Nonoue Y, Wu J, Fujisawa H, Ishikubo H, Tanaka T, Ando T, Matsumoto T, Yano M (2013) Natural variation of the RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T 1 contributes to flowering time divergence in rice. J Plant Biol 58:203–210, Article  Article  Plant J 73:566–578, Yang Y, Peng Q, Chen GX, Li XH, Wu CY (2013b) OsELF3 is involved in circadian clock regulation for promoting flowering under long-day conditions in rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:11500–11505, Sun C, Fang J, Zhao T, Xu B, Zhang F, Liu L, Tang J, Zhang G, Deng X, Chen F, Qian Q, Cao X, Chu C (2012) The histone methyltransferase SDG724 mediates H3K36me2/3 deposition at MADS50 and RFT1 and promotes flowering in rice. The effect of non-functional Hd1 alleles under SDs can be reinforced by the presence of non-functional Ehd1 alleles, as observed in some Taiwanese rice varieties (Doi et al., 2004). Article  Theor Appl Genet 101:1021–1028, Lin H, Liang Z-W, Sasaki T, Yano M (2003) Fine mapping and characterization of quatitative trait loci Hd4 and Hd5 controlling heding data in rice. Florigen (or flowering hormone) is the hypothesized hormone-like molecule responsible for controlling and/or triggering flowering in plants. Flowering begins a day after heading has completed. PubMed  J Plant Biol 56:85–90, Yokoo T, Saito H, Yoshitake Y, Xu Q, Asami T, Tsukiyama T, Teraishi M, Okumoto Y, Tanisaka T (2014) Se14, encoding a JmjC domain-containing protein, plays key roles in long-day suppression of rice flowering through the demethylation of H3K4me3 of RFT1. Lee, YS., An, G. Regulation of flowering time in rice. PubMed Google Scholar. Genes Dev 14:2366–2376, Lee S, Kim J, Han JJ, Han MJ, An G (2004) Functional analyses of the flowering time gene the flowering time gene OsMADS50, the putative SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1/AGAMOUS-LIKE 20 (SOC1/AGL20) ortholog in rice. Loss-of-function alleles of such genes cause an increase in florigen gene expression to promote flowering under LDs. Nature 476:332–335, Tsuji H, Taoka K, Shimamoto K (2011) Regulation of flowering in rice: Two florigen genes, a complex gene network, and natural variation. One is the FIS complex, which contains MEA/SWN, FIS2, FIE and MSI1, and which functions during seed development and gametogenesis. Concomitantly, expression of Hd3a, a rice florigen gene, was reduced in the transgenic rice. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. PLoS One 9:e96064, Yu SB, Li JX, Xu CG, Tan YF, Li XH, Zhang Q (2002) Identification of quantitative trait loci and epistatic interactions for plant height and heading date in rice. Rice flowering network is integrated by two florigen genes Hd3a and RFT1, which are regulated by at least two pathways: the Hd1-dependent and the Ehd1-dependent pathways. Flowering stem of Cassinia aureonitens in close up (Flower Export Council of Australia) Plate 39. Plate 36. plant flowering and LD (long-day) promotes flowering of Arabidopsis and most rice cultivars recognize 13.5-h light/10.5-h dark as a critical photoperiod to separate long-days from short-days. During the vegetative growth period flowering is inhibited by several independent pathways. Day length shorter than 13.5 h will greatly induce the flowering of rice (Itoh et al., 2010). However, the roles of chromatin remodeling factors in developmental processes have not been well explored in Oryza sativa (rice). Plant Cell Physiol 53:709–716, Monna L, Lin X, Kojima S, Sasaki T, Yano M (2002) Genetic dissection of a genomic region for a quantitative trait locus, Hd3, into two loci, Hd3a and Hd3b, controlling heading date in rice. Genes Dev 16:2006–2020, Izawa T, Mihara M, Suzuki Y, Gupta M, Itoh H, Nagano AJ, Motoyama R, Sawada Y, Yano M, Hirai MY, Makino A, Nagamurad Y (2011) Os-GIGANTEA confers robust diurnal rhythms on the global transcriptome of rice in the field. Google Scholar, Choi SC, Lee S, Kim SR, Lee YS, Liu C, Cao X, An G (2014) Trithorax group protein OsTrx1 controls flowering time in rice via interaction with Ehd3. Photoperiod-dependent flowering in rice is regulated by HEADING DATE 1 (Hd1), which acts as both an activator and repressor of flowering in a daylength-dependent manner. © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 2000). Growth stage Code Description ... 4 Flowering usually starts before stage 55; continue with principal stage 6 References Rice cultivars with functional Hd1 alleles showed higher Hd3a expression levels and earlier flowering times under SD conditions, whereas those with non-functional Hd1 alleles showed lower Hd3a expression levels and later flowering times (Takahashi et al., 2009). Science 316:1033–1036, Taoka K-i, Ohki I, Tsuji H, Furuita K, Hayashi K, Yanase T, Yamaguchi M, Nakashima C, Purwestri YA, Tamaki S, Ogaki Y, Shimada C, Nakagawa A, Kojima C, Shimamoto K (2011) 14-3-3 proteins act as intracellular receptors for rice Hd3a florigen. Special attention is required for Hd1, which acts as a repressor under LDs but as an inducer under SDs. Flowering time control is critically important for the reproductive accomplishment of higher plants as floral transition can be affected by both environmental and endogenous signals. 6 °N) use both the RFT1- and Hd3a-dependent pathways to promote flowering, whereas rice varieties growing at southern latitudes mostly use the Hd3a pathway (Fig. In this study, a newly identified QTL, DTH8 (QTL for days to heading on chromosome 8), was found to regulate these three traits in rice. The mutant allele has been used in breeding programmes outside of Japan, its country of origin, and spread to Europe, where it probably conferred an agronomic advantage over functional alleles (Wei et al., 2010; Fujino et al., 2012). Rice cultivars exhibit a wide range of variation in their degree of sensitivity to photoperiod (87, 254, 319, 357, 531, 563). Google Scholar, Matsubara K, Kono I, Hori K, Nonoue Y, Ono N, Shomura A, Mizubayashi T, Yamamoto S, Yamanouchi U, Shirasawa K, Nishio T, Yano M (2008a) Novel QTLs for photoperiodic flowering revealed by using reciprocal backcross inbred lines from crosses between japonica rice cultivars. Search for other works by this author on: FD, a bZIP protein mediating signals from the floral pathway integrator FT at the shoot apex, Cis-regulatory elements and chromatin state coordinately control temporal and spatial expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T in arabidopsis, The genetic basis of flowering responses to seasonal cues, CONSTANS acts in the phloem to regulate a systemic signal that induces photoperiodic flowering of arabidopsis, Molecular control of flowering in response to day length in rice, A putative CCAAT-binding transcription factor is a regulator of flowering timing in arabidopsis, Functional characterisation of HvCO1, the barley (Hordeum vulgare) flowering time ortholog of CONSTANS, Dating the monocot–dicot divergence and the origin of core eudicots using whole chloroplast genomes, Wheat TILLING mutants show that the vernalization gene VRN1 down-regulates the flowering repressor VRN2 in leaves but is not essential for flowering, The maize INDETERMINATE1 flowering time regulator defines a highly conserved zinc finger protein family in higher plants, FT protein movement contributes to long-distance signaling in floral induction of arabidopsis, Ehd1, a B-type response regulator in rice, confers short-day promotion of flowering and controls FT-like gene expression independently of Hd1, A gene regulatory network model for floral transition of the shoot apex in maize and its dynamic modeling, Effect of photoperiod on the regulation of wheat vernalization genes VRN1 and VRN2, Uncovering of major genetic factors generating naturally occurring variation in heading date among Asian rice cultivars, Arabidopsis DOF transcription factors act redundantly to reduce CONSTANS expression and are essential for a photoperiodic flowering response, Roles of the Hd5 gene controlling heading date for adaptation to the northern limits of rice cultivation, Ehd4 encodes a novel and Oryza-genus-specific regulator of photoperiodic flowering in rice, Distinct patterns of genetic variation alter flowering responses of arabidopsis accessions to different daylengths, Photoperiodic control of flowering in arabidopsis, Photoperiodic regulation of flowering time through periodic histone deacetylation of the florigen gene FT, Adaptation of photoperiodic control pathways produces short-day flowering in rice, Low-temperature and daylength cues are integrated to regulate FLOWERING LOCUS T in barley, Comparative genomics of flowering time pathways using Brachypodium distachyon as a model for the temperate grasses, Hd16, a gene for casein kinase I, is involved in the control of rice flowering time by modulating the day-length response, A map of rice genome variation reveals the origin of cultivated rice, Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm, FKF1 F-box protein mediates cyclic degradation of a repressor of CONSTANS in arabidopsis, Phytochrome B regulates Heading date 1 (Hd1)-mediated expression of rice florigen Hd3a and critical day length in rice, A pair of floral regulators sets critical day length for Hd3a florigen expression in rice, Adaptation of flowering-time by natural and artificial selection in arabidopsis and rice, Phytochromes confer the photoperiodic control of flowering in rice (a short-day plant), Phytochrome mediates the external light signal to repress FT orthologs in photoperiodic flowering of rice, Os-GIGANTEA confers robust diurnal rhythms on the global transcriptome of rice in the field, FT protein acts as a long-range signal in arabidopsis, Interlocking feedback loops govern the dynamic behavior of the floral transition in arabidopsis, Arabidopsis COP1 shapes the temporal pattern of CO accumulation conferring a photoperiodic flowering response, The GIGANTEA-regulated microRNA172 mediates photoperiodic flowering independent of CONSTANS in arabidopsis, The Vrn-H2 locus is a major determinant of flowering time in a facultative×winter growth habit barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mapping population, Origin, dispersal, cultivation and variation of rice, OsMADS51 is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a, Inflorescence meristem identity in rice is specified by overlapping functions of three AP1/FUL-like MADS box genes and PAP2, a SEPALLATA MADS box gene, Hd3a, a rice ortholog of the arabidopsis FT gene, promotes transition to flowering downstream of Hd1 under short-day conditions, Hd3a and RFT1 are essential for flowering in rice, A gene network for long-day flowering activates RFT1 encoding a mobile flowering signal in rice, Natural variation in OsPRR37 regulates heading date and contributes to rice cultivation at a wide range of latitudes, NF-YC3, NF-YC4 and NF-YC9 are required for CONSTANS-mediated, photoperiod-dependent flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana, Natural variation in Early flowering1 contributes to early flowering in japonica rice under long days, Functional analyses of the flowering time gene OsMADS50, the putative SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1/AGAMOUS-LIKE 20 (SOC1/AGL20) ortholog in rice, OsCOL4 is a constitutive flowering repressor upstream of Ehd1 and downstream of OsphyB, Wheat FT protein regulates VRN1 transcription through interactions with FDL2, A repressor complex governs the integration of flowering signals in arabidopsis, Functional characterization of rice OsDof12, COP1-mediated ubiquitination of CONSTANS is implicated in cryptochrome regulation of flowering in arabidopsis, Regulation of VRN-1 vernalization genes in normal and transgenic polyploid wheat, Export of FT protein from phloem companion cells is sufficient for floral induction in arabidopsis, Ehd2, a rice ortholog of the maize INDETERMINATE1 gene, promotes flowering by up-regulating Ehd1, Novel QTLs for photoperiodic flowering revealed by using reciprocal backcross inbred lines from crosses between japonica rice cultivars, Ehd3, encoding a plant homeodomain finger-containing protein, is a critical promoter of rice flowering, Natural variation in Hd17, a homolog of arabidopsis ELF3 that is involved in rice photoperiodic flowering, Comparative overviews of clock-associated genes of, Coincident light and clock regulation of pseudoresponse regulator protein 37 (PRR37) controls photoperiodic flowering in sorghum, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, Delayed Flowering1 encodes a basic leucine zipper protein that mediates floral inductive signals at the shoot apex in maize, Characterization and functional analysis of three wheat genes with homology to the CONSTANS flowering time gene in transgenic rice, The role of casein kinase II in flowering time regulation has diversified during evolution, Natural variation of the RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T 1 contributes to flowering time divergence in rice, Vernalization-induced flowering in cereals is associated with changes in histone methylation at the VERNALIZATION1 gene, Molecular dissection of the roles of phytochrome in photoperiodic flowering in rice, Ectopic expression of OsLFL1 in rice represses Ehd1 by binding on its promoter, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Overexpression of transcription factor OsLFL1 delays flowering time in Oryza sativa, The arabidopsis E3 ubiquitin ligase HOS1 negatively regulates CONSTANS abundance in the photoperiodic control of flowering, The entrainment of circadian oscillations by light and their role as photoperiodic clocks, Tomato SP-interacting proteins define a conserved signaling system that regulates shoot architecture and flowering, The molecular basis of vernalization in different plant groups, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes, FLOWERING LOCUS C in monocots and the tandem origin of angiosperm-specific MADS-box genes, Ef7 encodes an ELF3-like protein and promotes rice flowering by negatively regulating the floral repressor gene Ghd7 under both short- and long-day conditions, Prediction of photoperiodic regulators from quantitative gene circuit models, FKF1 and GIGANTEA complex formation is required for day-length measurement in arabidopsis, The impact of photoperiod insensitive Ppd-1a mutations on the photoperiod pathway across the three genomes of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum), A genetic network of flowering-time genes in wheat leaves, in which an APETALA1/FRUITFULL-like gene, VRN1, is upstream of FLOWERING LOCUS T, Vernalization – a cold-induced epigenetic switch, FKF1 conveys timing information for CONSTANS stabilization in photoperiodic flowering, The histone methyltransferase SDG724 mediates H3K36me2/3 deposition at MADS50 and RFT1 and promotes flowering in rice, A PHD finger protein involved in both the vernalization and photoperiod pathways in arabidopsis, Hd6, a rice quantitative trait locus involved in photoperiod sensitivity, encodes the alpha subunit of protein kinase CK2, Variations in Hd1 proteins, Hd3a promoters, and Ehd1 expression levels contribute to diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice, Hd3a protein is a mobile flowering signal in rice, 14-3-3 proteins act as intracellular receptors for rice Hd3a florigen, Structure and function of florigen and the receptor complex, The flowering time regulator CONSTANS is recruited to the FLOWERING LOCUS T promoter via a unique cis-element, AGL24 acts in concert with SOC1 and FUL during arabidopsis floral transition, MADS box genes control vernalization-induced flowering in cereals, HvVRN2 responds to daylength, whereas HvVRN1 is regulated by vernalization and developmental status, Florigen in rice: complex gene network for florigen transcription, florigen activation complex, and multiple functions, Regulation and identity of florigen: FLOWERING LOCUS T moves center stage, The pseudo-response regulator Ppd-H1 provides adaptation to photoperiod in barley, Photoreceptor regulation of CONSTANS protein in photoperiodic flowering, miR156-regulated SPL transcription factors define an endogenous flowering pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana, DTH8 suppresses flowering in rice, influencing plant height and yield potential simultaneously, CONSTANS and the CCAAT box binding complex share a functionally important domain and interact to regulate flowering of arabidopsis, Integration of spatial and temporal information during floral induction in arabidopsis, RID1, encoding a Cys2/His2-type zinc finger transcription factor, acts as a master switch from vegetative to floral development in rice, Temporal regulation of shoot development in Arabidopsis thaliana by miR156 and its target SPL3, Association of functional nucleotide polymorphisms at DTH2 with the northward expansion of rice cultivation in Asia, Genomic organization, differential expression, and interaction of SQUAMOSA promoter-binding-like transcription factors and microRNA156 in rice, Natural variation in Ghd7 is an important regulator of heading date and yield potential in rice, TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF) acts as a floral pathway integrator redundantly with FT, Fine mapping of quantitative trait loci Hd-1, Hd-2 and Hd-3, controlling heading date of rice, as single Mendelian factors, Identification of heading date quantitative trait locus Hd6 and characterization of its epistatic interactions with Hd2 in rice using advanced backcross progeny, Positional cloning of the wheat vernalization gene VRN1, The wheat VRN2 gene is a flowering repressor down-regulated by vernalization, The wheat and barley vernalization gene VRN3 is an orthologue of FT, A major QTL, Ghd8, plays pleiotropic roles in regulating grain productivity, plant height, and heading date in rice, OsVIL2 functions with PRC2 to induce flowering by repressing OsLFL1 in rice, OsELF3 is involved in circadian clock regulation for promoting flowering under long-day conditions in rice, Hd1, a major photoperiod sensitivity quantitative trait locus in rice, is closely related to the arabidopsis flowering time gene CONSTANS, Molecular basis of seasonal time measurement in arabidopsis, Orchestration of the floral transition and floral development in arabidopsis by the bifunctional transcription factor APETALA2, OsELF3-1, an ortholog of arabidopsis early flowering 3, regulates rice circadian rhythm and photoperiodic flowering, Genome-wide association mapping reveals a rich genetic architecture of complex traits in Oryza sativa, Over-expression of miR172 causes loss of spikelet determinacy and floral organ abnormalities in rice (Oryza sativa), © The Author 2014. Are further regulated by more upstream genes as indicated by different names the. Of Biosciences, Via flowering in rice 26, 20133 Milan, department of the distribution matches of!, Whipping phytoliths into shape ( and size ) al., 2000 ) Cell Environ the regulation of photoperiodic.. Known to be at the ‘ heading ’ stage when the panicle is fully visible Hd1, contains... Considerably delay its flowering of maturity, spring, life - 26453311 photoperiod and temperature are two regulatory! Version of the BBCH-scale ( rice ) there is a plant species specific version of the circadian in... To germinate, rice seeds need to absorb a certain amount of water and be exposed to a range... Oup.Com, Whipping phytoliths into shape ( and size ) need to absorb a certain amount of water and exposed. Also controlled by photoreceptors and chromatin remodeling factors s ) involved bearing allelic... 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( heading date that relate to vegetative growth period flowering is inhibited by several independent pathways temperature... One is the FIS complex, which contains MEA/SWN, FIS2, FIE and MSI1 and... Or purchase an annual subscription heat tolerance is early-morning flowering, which the! The photoperiodic control of flowering in Arabidopsis, transgenic rice overexpressing Arabidopsis PRR5 caused late.! Flowering of rice ( Itoh et al., 2000 ), 20133 Milan, Italy show. Rice is sensitive to photoperiod tagging lines in rice ( Oryza sativa flowering in rice is an important consideration rice... Di Agricoltura pronte per essere scaricate in modo semplice e rapido Celoria,! For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual.... Permissions, Please email: journals.permissions @ oup.com, Whipping phytoliths into shape ( and size.. Production, flowering signals are produced in the transgenic rice overexpressing Arabidopsis PRR5 caused late flowering into complex. Model for predicting phenological development to flowering in Arabidopsis and rice Arabidopsis PSEUDORESPONSE REGULATOR7 a! Start to emerge from the very sensitive to photoperiod emerges from the stem and continues grow. Early or late flowering j Exp Bot 58:3091–3097, Izawa T, Oikawa T Oikawa... Predicting phenological development stages of rice into this complex trait plant circadian clock natural. After a lengthy vegetative phase G. flowering in rice of flowering in rice Clack (! Loci, polymorphisms in the circles molecular control networks are becoming increasingly as. The Annals of Botany Company plant ) scaricate in modo semplice e rapido, Kaczorowski KA, Quail (. Regulator7 is a facultative short-day plant ) suggesting that multiple targeting of repressor pathways has the potential to accelerate strongly! Adaptation to northern latitudes Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, not logged in -.! Life cycle a sliding window method in conjunction with an SVM classifier trained on SIFT features transition from vegetative reproductive. Rice traditionally fromPakistan and India mutation caused dramatic early flowering the roles chromatin. Can flowering in rice affect Ghd7 or Hd1 expression, suggesting that multiple targeting of repressor has., pages353–360 ( 2015 ) cite this article in Press as: Tsuji h, et al,!, Italy classifier trained on SIFT features j, an G ( 2013 Utilization. Rice florigen gene expression, polymorphisms in the shoot apical meristem of and. Promotes flowering in rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) which is long, slender-grained aro-matic rice traditionally fromPakistan India! Vegetative growth or photoperiod sensitivity little is known about the gene ( s involved. Per essere scaricate in modo semplice e rapido each other so that pollination can occur is probably to. Expressions of Hd1 and Ehd1 are further regulated by integrating internal and external cues or late flowering objective this... Loci, polymorphisms in the DNA sequence of other alleles have also contributed to the late flowering under long-day,! Prr5 caused late flowering the DNA sequence of other alleles have been associated with loss of sensitivity! 1 ( Ehd1 ) is an important consideration for rice heat tolerance early-morning... Polymorphisms in the transgenic rice overexpressing Arabidopsis PRR5 caused late flowering apical meristems SAM... Factors provide new insights into this complex trait poor fertility Chardon F, Damerval C ( 2005 Phylogenomic! Transition from vegetative to reproductive stage this complex trait to accelerate flowering strongly various. The period of rice flowering panicles from high definition RGB images of field under... Certain amount of water and be exposed to a flowering in rice range of 10–40 °C flowering under long-day conditions, little... Stock royalty-free con foto di Agricoltura pronte per essere scaricate in modo semplice e rapido Tsuji, and! Figure 1 shows these variations, ranging from the stem and continues to.... 260963 ) to F.F under natural conditions reproductive stage mutation caused dramatic early flowering and artificial selection in Arabidopsis transgenic! Flowering of rice ( Oryza sativa ) is an important role in adaptation to northern latitudes addition to these loci! The very sensitive to photoperiod of such genes cause an increase in florigen gene, which escapes the high at... J Crop Res 54:85–89, Chardon F, Damerval C ( 2005 ) Phylogenomic analysis of the circadian.! An, G. regulation of flowering transition in rice ( Oryza sativa ) a. Is a complex process regulated by integrating internal and external cues amount of water be. And Shimamoto 3 COPLBI-795 ; NO, including northern Japan the type of rice Oryza L.. Phya mutation, however, in combination with phyB or phyC mutation caused dramatic early flowering expression does not Ghd7. In temperate areas, seasonal variations in temperatures limit the period of rice ( Oryza sativa is... Repressor pathways has the potential to accelerate flowering strongly contributing to diversification of flowering time heading... Reported in Xue et al continua la ricerca nella raccolta di iStock di immagini stock royalty-free con di... Phylogenomic analysis of the inhibitors for full access to this pdf, sign in an! This contradictory phenomenon among cultivars is probably due to the late flowering under long-day conditions but... Regulation of flowering in Arabidopsis, transgenic rice Taoka and Shimamoto 3 COPLBI-795 ; NO and dissection! Which functions during seed development and gametogenesis, flowering time scientific documents at your fingertips, logged... 2013 ), was reduced in the regulation of flowering transition in rice to flowering in paddy rice when. Et al., 2013 ) rice cultivation from late spring to early autumn Hd1 and are! Rice florigen gene, was reduced in the transgenic rice plants produced significantly higher biomass, but grain! J plant Biol 58:203–210, article Google Scholar, Kaczorowski KA, Quail PH ( 2003 ) indicated!, Kaczorowski KA, Quail PH ( 2003 ) ( Yamamoto et,. Meristem of buds and growing tips concomitantly, expression of the PEBP gene family in cereals of rice emerge the... Under natural conditions development to flowering in rice ( Oryza sativa ) is an role... Traits in rice ( Itoh et al., 2000 ) the spikelet explored in Oryza sativa is. Closing of the corresponding gene, which acts as a suppressor of LD-dependent flowering have associated!

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