how much did coal miners get paid in the 1980s

Source: This calculator can be used to determine the historical purchasing power of currency in the United Kingdom from 1270 to 2017. As a novice, Keeney learned the colliers trade from older craftsmenthe skills of cutting the face, setting the charges, and loading the coal without wrenching his back or crippling himself. Table shows average 1929 and 1931 weekly wages of full-time store employees, managers, and supervisors by kind and size of chain and location. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (April 1931). View object record Miner's hat, about 1930 Milk cost an average 33 per half gallon in 1920. Report published in 1923 gives wages for Arkansas women by occupation and race. Arthur Lewis. Source: Compares 1922 to1940 wage rates for a variety of RR jobs, pp. Coal Miners Between 1880 and 1920, southern West Virginia's population grew from 93,000 to 446,000, due almost entirely to the coal industry. Includes breakouts for those who lived with the family and those who did not. "In this region, I presume that a fee of $200 would be a pretty fair estimate of the surgeon's charge for operation and the after-treatment there would be between the operation and the death of the patient." Hourly Rate. continue to render these kinds of occupations obsolete. For example, a dollar earned in 2020 had the same buying power as 7 in 1928. Source: U.S. Congressional Serial Set vol. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wages of manual work occupations in Barcelona, Spain. Shows average annual expenditure for food, rent, clothing, and medical care per family member. Coal operators often provided services like company stores. When the smoke cleared, the collier and his buddy would swing their picks to break up large clumps of coal and shovel the smaller lumps into a mine car; it was back-aching work made more painful by the narrowness of the room. Source: Monthly price list for Ralph's Grocery Company, which sold only in the Los Angeles area. Includes breakouts for adults and. Source: U.S. BLS. About half of the surveyed penal institutions gave prisoners some compensation, based on its use as incentive toward good work and better behavior, and to provide the convict with a small way to provide for his family. A settlement was reached when the coal board added an extra pound to wage rates after two-and-a-half days' intensive negotiations at the industry's London headquarters. Source: BLS Bulletin no. Coal miners homemade prosthetic leg, about 1950. Red Ash mine was also the location of a disaster in 1900, which killed forty-six miners. Wages are shown in 1931 US dollars. He also learned not to scare the miners beloved pigeons or to be afraid of mine rats, because these creatures could sense danger coming before it struck. Coal Miners (Pay) (Hansard, 27 November 1973) Shows wages and hours of workers in the cotton industry over a 23 year period. Shows compensation for individualjudgeson the U.S. Supreme Court, circuit courts and district courts. by RACE Source: Shows wages by occupation in Belfast, Cork, Glasgow, Dundee, Cardiff, London, Manchester and more. Green miners like Frank Keeney also learned that surviving underground required men to depend upon each other and to honor the wisdom of the most experienced men. how much did coal miners get paid in the 1950s. During the 1910s and 1920s, minimum wage laws were adopted by a handful of states and generally applied only to women and children. Includes many brand names. "A good hotel room costs only $4-5 per day while a hospital charges $6 and $7." Wages shown in 1930 US dollars. Compares wages in common industries such as building, engineering, shipbuilding, textiles, railway, agriculture, printing, and in pottery. Source: BLS. Wages are expressed in both foreign currency and dollars. Shows average value of mortgaged homes, average debt remaining on the mortgages and average interest paid on mortgages annually, for 68 cities of 100,000 or more population. Lengthy article reports how much educators earned in Illinois' high schools in 1920-1921. Wages are listed in Mexican currency with exchange rate for calculating amounts in U.S. dollars. Source: One-page table shows 80 years of average retail prices for bread, milk, eggs and other common food items. Covers New York City, New Jersey towns, Fall River MA, Cleveland, Chicago, Dallas, San Francisco and Portland OR. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. Shows salaries for sevenoccupations inpolice departments of 25American cities. From, Earnings forveterinarians with governmentjobs, in scientific labs, in sales, or working as. It provided a $1.20-a- day wage increase effective Jan, and an increase of 80 cents a day beginning April 1, 1959. This is a New Zealand government document. Lists annual pay for individuals occupying administrative and supervisory positions in the executive and judicial branches. Shows wages and hours for union bricklayers, building laborers, carpenters, cement finishers,hod carriers, inside wiremen, painters, plasterers, plumbers, stonecutters and more. Use the following hyperlinks to see values for AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY. Taken from Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. by STATE See data considerations for explanation. Veteran colliers knew competitive individualism bred greed, hostility, thievery, and a disregard for mine safety. Boys labored inside, sorting coal by size and removing rock. Shows the daily wages of various common and low-skill occupations like building laborers, canners, and rice mill workers throughout the state. Published by the National Industrial Conference Board. Shows average wages alongside a cost of living index for Germany between 1929-1942. After the Civil War, industrialization meant a nearly limitless demand for anthracite and bituminous coal, and hundreds of thousands of new jobs spurred a population boom in the region, which stretches from western New York state to Alabama. Unskilled labor hired by cities for construction, repair or cleaning of streets. Data is broken out byoccupation, sex and district. Wages are shown in pounds, shillings, and pence. Under these terms, a hard worker could earn $2.00 for ten to twelve hours of labor, if the work was steady. Other enslaved African Americans escaped from the salt works to Ohio, a free state only 60 miles away. This bibliography lists reports that show income, budgets, consumer expenditures, etc. Wages are shown in Danish ore. Shows monthly wages based on the ocean routes traveled: San Francisco to points west, and New York City to points south and east. Typical compensation for directors, camera men, editors and more in, Shows typical earnings for reporters, feature writers, sports editors and others, in. The workday ended at 5:30 in the evening when the sunlight had already faded over the mountains. Source: Shows the weekly wages of various occupations in Vienna. In 1907, West Virginia appointed John Nugent as superintendent of immigration. Shows prices for articles of clothing sold in 35 retailer shops in twelve cities. In 1925, motor vehicles were scrapped at an average age of 6.5 years. Tools and hardware: A strong, skilled coal loader might fill five or more cars in a day. Trump blames his predecessors environmentalism for the loss of jobs in Appalachia, but the reality is a long-running product of market forces, not liberal tree-hugging. Wages are shown in contemporary US dollars. This calculator allows you to compare the buying power of wages earned at different points in history. The following two tables shows the average daily earnings of industrial and building workers by occupation as well as in Moscow, Leningrad, and the Ural mountain region. Prices on pp. "The fees and cost of books, instruments, board, room, laundry and incidentals will hardly be less than $400 per session of thirty-two weeks." See list of the most common occupations for women in 1910 and 1920 (source: Census Bureau). Ukrainian immigrant Nick Gurski began working in the Boone County coal mines in the 1920s. Source: Teachers' salaries and salary trends in 1923. Source: BLS, Shows the average wages of Spanish agricultural workers in different cities. Source: Extensive article provides wage detail by occupation and city. What Life Is Like Working in Underground Coal Mines in the US Fascinating book that shows various imported items (such as kid gloves, bloomers, silk nightgown, men's pipe, electric flatiron, glass lamp, etc.) Source: BLS, Shows clothes prices paid by working class families in Great Britain. Besides know-how, the miners depended upon instinct and luck. Source: Federal Power Commission. 7-8 in: Extensive, 219-page report published in the Bureau of Labor StatisticsBulletin no. Shows the changes in wages of united Illinois coal miners following a labor agreement. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, July 1930. Bonus. 525. Source: BLS, Shows the average pay for a 48 hour week throughout 5 different industries in Milan. His salary was paid entirely by coal companies. Industrial home work was most common in clothing manufacturing and tobacco industries (rolling cigars, etc.) Source: BLS, Shows the average price of foodstuffs and other common goods in the federal district of Mexico. Arranged by occupation and then by city and year. Time became important to managers as they changed their labor model. These deposits could produce firedamp, which contained methane and sometimes carbon dioxide that seeped out of the coal seams. Discussion puts wage data in context with price levels which were definitely affected by the wars. Bedroom: ), carriages, cribs, high chairs, etc. Indicates prices per kilowatt-hour by areas and cities. After workers had advanced the mine face to the end of the seam, veterans began the dangerous work of removing the massive coal pillars that stood between the rooms and helped support the mine top. Shows salaries for teachers ofkindergarten, elementary school, junior high, high school, vocational school, college, and normal schools (teacher training academies). Source: BLS Source: BLS, See fairly comprehensive coverage of this topic in Appendix 23, "Charges for various kinds of medical services" in, Fee schedules established by the Ohio State Medical Association for. Expressed in pounds, shillings, and pence. Income statistics of full time professional women were published in study by the Association of Business and Professional Women. Discussion covers the history of minimum wage legislation in Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, Canada, South Africa, Mexico, France, Norway, Argentina, Germany, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Uruguay, Hungary, Poland, Italy, and Rumania (Romania) up to 1928. Discusses household expenditures for electricity, and estimates the number of homes that had various electrical appliances (radios, refrigerators, irons, etc.) Source: BLS, Shows the cost of foodstuffs and other necessities in Greece. Mentions the wages paid to both skilled and unskilled workers in francs. The average hourly pay for a Coal Mine Worker is $21.49. Miners would lie on their backs and use a pick to undercut the coal. Source: National Education Association of the United States. Shows typical pay in stock companies, dramas, musical comedies, vaudeville and screen, from extras to Hollywood stars. In the US, coal mining is a shrinking industry. Source: Lists costs of running a farm, including costs of power, labor, insurance, interest on loans, etc. Wages on pages34-40. Chart shows median wages of women employed in Philadelphia households as chambermaids, cleaners, cooks, waitresses, laundress, seamstress, and children's nurses (nannies.) Full chapter extends from pp. Prices shown in marks. Source: BLS. PDF Wage Chronology: Anthracite Mining Industry, 1930-66 : Bulletin of the Source: BLS, Shows the average retail prices of food, clothing, and fuel prices in Shanghai. For easier browsing, the information is. Postal Service. . This earlier catastrophe outraged Mother Jones, who spoke of it often on her organizing campaign that year, and it had triggered public pressure to improve the states mine safety laws. From. Wages of certain women in the District of Columbia. Bathroom: Source: Appendix in. Source: Chicago Commission on Race Relations report. Salary data for judges inNY, PA, NJ and CT. The mine operators assumed that if they paid a worker according to the number of tons he loaded, they would foster a competitive climate underground; and in a sense, the tonnage system worked this way. But the chorus of foreign languages confirmed managements fears that companies were slipping out of control. Includes the states of RI, NJ, OH, DE, OK, MO, GA, TN, AR, KY, SC, AL and MS. Photographer + writer. Shows the average weekly earnings by industry and occupation. BookTok is Good, Actually: On the Undersung Joys of a Vast and Multifarious Platform, Seven Crime Novels Centered Around Musicians Out in 2023, Arlington Road: The Conspiracy Thriller That Foresaw the Spread of Far-Right Extremism in America, If you want to laugh, watch this Mitchell and Webb sketch about inviting Shaggy and Scooby Doo to a party, Uncrackable: 5 Films Featuring Devilishly Difficult Heists. Coal mining jobs - Hours and earnings, 1919-1933; Coal mining wages by state, 1923 Source: Miners' wages and the cost of coal: an inquiry into the wages system., pp. Source: You may download a pdf version of the 1928, Hotel rates are shown in the advertisements in. Boys learned the mining craft from their fathers and later passed this knowledge on to their own sons. All of these mines included a main entry, or portal, and a second tunnel, or monkey drift, which provided workers with ventilationa barely adequate suction through a surface grate created by a coal fire that burned all day. Jump directly to prices for: meats and eggs, butter, cheese, milk, bread and flour, corn meal, rice, potatoes, granulated sugar, coffee and tea, onions, navy beans, prunes, raisins, canned salmon, evaporated milk, margarine, lard, oats, corn flakes, wheat cereal, macaroni, canned baked beans, canned corn, canned peas, canned tomatoes, bananas, oranges, and more. Kanawha County coal seams were relatively thick, so men could often stand or just bend slightly, but some coal cutters had to work bent over all day in low coal. After sorting out the slate fragments and loading the car, the miner attached his brass check to the side of the car and pushed it out into the main tunnel, where mules or a small locomotive pulled the load out of the mine to the weigh station and then to the tipple, where the coal would be prepared and funneled into railroad cars. Managements steam whistle now set the times. Three decades earlier a boy about the same agea newly emancipated slavehad worked in the same minefield. In 1974, the Environmental Protection Agency commissioned photojournalist Jack Corn to document the plight of the American coal miner in Appalachia. Covers the states of NH, VT, MA, CT, KY, SC, AL, MO, KS, IA and OH. Source: BLS, Shows the daily wages of masons, carpenters, stonecutters, painters, shoemakers, and tailors in each of the provincial capitals of Spain. Source: Shows the average hourly wage of a variety of jobs both in and outside of Paris. Shows salaries for officers, managers, clerks, operators, etc. 297. $32k - $76k. MERCHANDISE Source: Shows lawyers' incomes instates and regions, by size of community served, by the age of the lawyer, number of years in practice, etc. White familiesspent an average $103.71/yearon medical care around 1928-1931. Then the men and boys would gather their tools and trudge down the mountainside to their little cabins to wash off the coal dust that smudged their faces, necks, arms, and hands, and to sit down for an evening meal. - Earnings, 1929, Farm workers' wages and income,1909-1938, Male farm labor average wages by state, 1929, Airplane pilot (commercial) - Salary, 1929, Barbers and hairdressers - Earnings, 1929, Baseball, major league - Player and umpiresalaries, 1929, Union wages in construction trades, 1913-1930, Union carpenter wages in selected cities for 1924-1925, Average hourly carpenter wage in U.S. for 1926, Carpenter wages for 1920-1928 for twelve major U.S. cities, Cement industry job wages and hours, 1929, Coal mining jobs - Hours and earnings, 1919-1933, Domestic (household) service - Male workers' wages, Executive salaries in private businesses, 1924, Teachers and principals' salaries by city, 1921-1922, School personnelsalaries by sex in selectedcities, 1926, Teacher's salaries by school level, 1924-1928, Illinois teachers salaries in high schools, 1920-1921, New York state teachers' salaries, 1920-1932, North Carolina teacher salaries by race, 1922, Texas school personnel salaries (white only), 1872-1953, Firemen and fire department salaries by city, 1927, Foundryand machine shop jobs - Wages and hours, 1923-1931, Administrative and supervisors pay in federal government, 1926, Iron and steel industry wages and hours, 1907-193, Lumber industry job wages and hours, 1921-1932, Military pay for officers on active duty - 1926, Mining metals - Wages and hours, 1924 and 1931, Mining - anthracite and bituminous coal, 1922 and 1924, Metalliferous mining job wages and hours, 1924, Nursing - Average salaries for public health and institutional nurses, 1927, Petroleum industry - Wages by occupation and state,1920, Seamen and firemen on ocean ships - Wages, 1914-1918, Slaughtering and meat-packing industry, 1921-1929, Street laborers (unskilled) - Wages and hours, 1928, Telegraph and cable industry - wages and salaries, 1922, Telephone industry - average compensation per employee, 1922, Typical fees charged for veterinary visits are described, 1926 annual salaries for individual veterinarians, Wages for thousands of occupations, indexed alphabetically - 1929, Manufacturing job hours and earnings, 1919-1960, Factory employee average annual wages - 1921, 1923, Industrial home work - Earnings, early 1920s, Automobile tire manufacturing wages, 1923, Motor vehicle industry job wages and hours, 1922-1928, Airplanes and aircraft engines manufacture - Hours and earnings, 1929, Boot, shoe, hosiery and underwear manufacturing wages, 1907-1920, Clothing (men's) manufacturing wages & hours, 1911-1932, Hosiery and underwear manufacturing - Wages & hours, 1907-1932, Woolen and worsted goods manufacturing: 1910 to 1930, Woolen and worsted goods manufacturing, 1907-1922, Furniture manufacturing industry - Wages and hours, 1910-1931, Pottery industry job wages and hours, 1925, Paper box-board industry job wages and hours, 1926, Professional and business women - Salaries and income, 1927, Library assistants - Earnings by city, 1923, Women employed as cleaners, maids, and elevator operators in Washington DC, 1920, Women's wages in the candy industry in St. Louis and Chicago, 1920-1921, Women's wages in candy industry - St. Louis, 1920-1921, Women employed as household servants in Philadelphia - late 1920s, Women's wages, hours, and earnings - South Carolina, 1921, Women in Tennessee industries - Hours, wages and working conditions, 1925, Colorado - Wages by occupation and industry, 1928, Union workers' annual earnings - New Haven CT, 1927, Teenagers' wages by occupation and sex in Detroit, 1922, Wage in the Missouri shoe industry, 1913-1922, Public school employee salaries - New York City, 1928, Ohio - Average annual wages and salaries by occupation, 1916-1932, Development of minimum wage laws in the U.S., 1912-1927, Minimum wage laws of the U.S., construction and operation, 1921, Wages by occupation in Buenos Aires, 1926, Buenos Aries - Average Wages, 1922, 1926, 1928-1929, Minimum wages in Sydney and Melbourne, 1914 and 1921, Wages and cost of living in Austria, 1920, Farm help wages in Canadian provinces by sex, 1920s, Wages by occupation in Canadian cities, 1920, Wages by occupation in Canadian cities, 1921, Wages by occupation in Canadian provinces, 1924-26, Wages and hours of labour - Canada, 1920-1926, Wages in boot and shoe industries in France, 1924, "Real wages" in Germany by industry, 1923, Automobile manufacturing wages in Germany, 1929, Wages and hours in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1924, average weekly earnings by industry and sex, Wages by industry in Great Britain, 1914-1921, Wages in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1924-1928, Wages in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1924-1932, Agricultural trades - Minimum wage in Great Britain, 1920, Building trades - Wages by city in the UK, 1920, Iron and steel industry wages in Great Britain, 1926, Coal miner earnings in Great Britain, 1921-23, Judges of county courts (UK) - Salary, ca. Shows price list of one California retailer. Union wages by occupation and city, 1922-1928, Women's median wages by state and industry, 1910s-1920s, Cigarette packs - Average retail price by brand, 1929, Average college expenses and tuition by institution, 1928, Family budgets by income group, 1918-1930, https://libraryguides.missouri.edu/pricesandwages, Common labor - Average entrance wage rates, 1926-1934, Union wages by occupation and city, 1920-1921, Steam fitters' and sprinkler fitters' helpers, Structural-iron workers: finishers' helpers, Union wages by occupation and city, 1929-1930, Captains, masters, mates, pilots, and engineers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Gang foremen, Maintenance-of-way employees: Assistant gang foremen, Maintenance-of-way employees: Iron workers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Masons, bricklayers, and plasterers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Section laborers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Crossing and bridge flagmen and gatemen, War and postwar wages, prices, and hours, 1914-23 and 1939-44, Urban Negro weekly earnings by sex and occupational class, 1925, Negro wages by occupation - Chicago, 1920, Teacher salaries by race - North Carolina, 1922, Teacher salaries by race - Texas, 1925-1926, Accountants, auditors, bookkeepers, etc. The legislature rejected all proposals for reform, however. (Jack Corn/EPA) A ppalachian coal production has been on shaky ground almost since the industry's inception in the mid 19th century. Even the most skilled miners could not detect the presence of kettle bottoms, the petrified remains of huge ancient tree trunks that could plunge through the roofs and crush workers. Source: 1930 Census of Agriculture. Source: Bulletin #269 of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, "Farm Family Living Among White Owner and Tenant Operators in Wake County," pages 24-28. A man sometimes had to get down on his hands and knees, with his left shoulder, well padded, against the car, bracing himself with his toes against the ties and the dirt of the floor, wrote a former miner, while his partner controlled the brakes to keep the car from rolling back on the pusher if he slipped or grew tired. Back injuries, broken legs, and severed feet and fingers were common. Table 41 in this source shows the average salary for all teachers in elementary and secondary schools in New York state, not including NYC. How Thatcher broke the miners' strike but at what cost? Source: Click "more" for direct links to each occupation. Chart indicates hourly earnings ranges for piecework at automobile manufacturing companies in Germany. Prices are shown in Japanese yen. Source: U.S. Federal Trade Commission report. Links to government documents and primary sources listing retail prices for products and services, as well as wages for common occupations. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin, No. University of Missouri, Columbia Wages are shown in Japanese yen. Self-respecting craftsmen were even known to stop working when a foreman came by to inspect their room. Many of the reports can be found in. in FOREIGN COUNTRIES, FOOD Wages are shown in Dutch guilder. Earnings and prices are shown in Swiss francs. Prices and Wages by Decade: 1920-1929 - University of Missouri The failure of a mine boss to dampen the coal dust was the reason the Red Ash mine blew up in 1905, killing thirteen men and boys on Fire Creek. 1920, Home plans and costs to build in California, 1920, Retail prices of building materials by city, 1922, Building material prices paid by farmers, 1923-1924, Cost to construct houses, by type of material - 1921, Building material prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960, Farm real estate - Average value by state and county, 1920, Price of farm land by county in selected states, 1912-1924, New England farms and land - Average value by county, 1920-1930, Farm real estate values in Midwestern states, 1912-2019, Land in Missouri - Cost to rent or buy by county, 1922, Rents in working class neighborhoods in Cincinnati, 1920, Household heating fuel costs and expenditures by city, 1927, Electricity - Average monthly bill, 1924-1950, Household electricity costs and expenditures by city, 1927, Changes in retail prices of electricity, 1923-38, Car prices with illustrations, 1900-1920s, Gasoline prices andtaxes, and annual consumption per vehicle, 1920-1939, Horse-drawn carriages, buggies and accessories, 1920, Horse and mule prices by state, 1919-1920, City transit fares in NY, PA, OH and MA - 1927, Streetcar, omnibus and subway rates, 1926, Passenger train fare in the U.S., 1871-1933, RR ticket prices between NYC and Chicago, 1910-1944, accessories (diapers, baby bottles, etc. But you get a certain amount of desperation, where youre willing to believe stuff even though you know in your gut its not true.. Despite significant danger, miners received little compensation for injuries. When young Frank Keeney walked through a mine portal in 1892, perhaps an older miner, maybe a neighbor, offered him some words of consolation or, at least, instruction as they traveled in and outof the mine on what was known as a man trip. Or he might have heard some words of warning from the older boys who led the mules and coal cars back and forth through the door he tended. Also shows average family size in each state. A trapper like Frank had to pay close attention to his duties, opening and closing the doors regularly to keep the air moving and to allow coal cars to pass back and forth. PRICES in FOREIGN COUNTRIES, WAGES -- GENERAL SOURCES (all occupations and worker types), WAGES in AIRPLANE and AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING, 1920s. Shows the daily wages of Chilean miners between 1911 and 1924 in both pesos and the U.S. dollar. Watch the rocks, theyre falling daily, 664. MORE PRICES in the U.S. Rompers, night gowns, baby shoes, accessories (diapers, baby bottles, etc. Published 1921. Source: BLS. Mine foremen attempted various forms of industrial discipline to maximize productivity, but in the early 1900s, coal miners experienced little of the supervision foremen and factory managers imposed on workers; in fact, veteran colliers often became surly when a mine foreman came by their place on his little scooter to check on them. Shows data for unskilled male laborers in each of 13 industries, as well as an overall average. In 1923, there were about 883,000 coal miners; today there are about 53,000. Also shows the averagecost to rent farm landor pastures by the acre, by county. Copy. Source: Covers elementary schools and junior high schools in American cities with populations of 2,500 or more. Shows the average monthly wages of multiple occupation in the Alaskan fishing industry. Broken out by men's and women's jobs. By 1910, more Italian immigrants lived in McDowell County than anywhere else in the state. By 2003 that number had dipped to just 70,000. Shows the hourly, daily, and biannual earnings of different occupations in the Missouri coal industry between 1890-1922. When he lit the fuse, the lead miner hollered, Fire in the hole, and scuttled out of the room with his buddy. Gasoline cost an average21.7 per gallon in 1929. Mule drivers and trapper boys like Frank Keeney set out at six oclock every morning with the adult miners, who each carried a pick and auger, a can of black blasting powder, fuses, and a tamping rod. Wages are shown in French francs. Tells cost of public transportation and railway fares as well. Shows average value per acre for all real estate with buildings, and the value of land alone, by county, for six states: MA, CT, RI , ME, VT and NH.

how much did coal miners get paid in the 1980s 2023